The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan in the first decade of the 1200s. Under the reign of his grandson Kublai Khan, the Empire was the greatest contiguous land empire in history, stretching from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe. In China the period of rule of the Mongol Empire is known as the Yuan Dynasty.
All of which is just an excuse to introduce an animated timeline and map of the Middle East that shows the different powers that have controlled the area since 1400 BC. The image above is a screenshot of the map; you can watch the animation here: Middle Eastern History map.
The different powers illustrated on the map are listed below. If you switch out Mongol Empire for China and Persian Empire for Iran etc., the list seems eerily contemporary: Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Israel, China, Turkey, Europe.
The list of powers is presented with dates as given in the animation linked above
BC
1405 Kingdom of Egypt
1340 Hittite Empire
1050 Kingdom of Israel
721 Assyrian Empire
600 Babylonian Empire
550 Persian Empire
336 Macedonian and Greek Empire
AD
117 Roman Empire
564 Byzantine Empire
610 Sassanid Empire
750 The Caliphate
1100 The Seljuk Empire
1140 The Crusader Kingdoms
1187 Saladin’s Empire
1279 Mongol Empire
1700 Ottoman Empire
1912 European Colonialism
1920 Nation states and borders are established
1948 State of Israel is founded
1979 Era of independence